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　　Despite this, Truschke cogently notes that his behavioural proscriptions weren’t religiously targeted. Otherwise, they lose their historical significance.If anything, according to Trushcke, Aurangzeb targeted Muslims the most as subjects of state brutality, particularly groups whose ideologies ran counter to his vision of political Islam, like the Mahdavis in Gujarat, or non-political groups he found aberrant, like the Ismaili Bohras. As Truschke often emphasises, all his actions must be seen in a Wholesale Rosary Chain For sale specific socio-political context. Like the syncretic India of today, people of different religions often celebrated each other’s holidays, hence his policy was more a generalised moral policing than being targeted at any particular community. For a complete newcomer however, the book fails to flesh out a substantial amount of detail, and that, in a book which purports to be setting the historical record straight, is a striking deficiency.Aurangzeb was a product of his times, and was shaped by them as much as he shaped them.

　　Any book on Aurangzeb Alamgir, the last of the great Mughal emperors, is always going to be relevant, but more so today given the country’s socio-cultural climate. Their conflict wasn’t religious as much as it was political, but it was often expedient for both sides to use religious justifications for acts of war.Hindu rulers often did the same to mosques and, on rarer occasions, each other’s temples as well. Muslim-ordered temple destruction, for one, is a major and emotive issue, which is felt viscerally here in India, and "son of Aurangzeb" or "son of Babur" are still common insults in certain parts of India. Coming to this book with some knowledge of the subject, say as a history student or as an avid reader of Mughal literature, that wouldn’t be much of a problem. But, she says emphatically, and as my Mughal history college professor repeatedly pointed out, that amounts to judging him by contemporary standards of what constitutes acceptable state and moral behaviour.

　　He never consumed opium or alcohol, for example, and one of his favourite pursuits in later years was sewing prayer caps. He is also a freelance editor and research consultant. Whenever Islamic piety came into conflict with Mughal state interests in Aurangzeb’s world view, the latter inevitably triumphed. He is a man who has been widely reviled, particularly by the 20th century historians, as typifying the extreme despotism and religious bent of Islamic rulers, particularly in India, ruling as they were over a substantially non-Muslim population. Apart from Shivaji, very few biographical details are provided of other significant figures, like Dara Shukoh, Murad, Tej Bahadur, the major Rajput rulers, or the sultans of Bijapur and Golconda. As she eloquently puts it, the best way to view Aurangzeb is as a prince enmeshed in a web of royal dynamics that shaped his early years, and then as a monarch who hungered after territory, political power, and a personalised ideal of justice.In current Habermasian discourses of alteative and revisionist history, particularly in India, Truschke does an excellent job, in such a relatively short book, in dealing with all the important facts, myths and legends that make up Aurangzeb’s historical record, without ever losing sight of her primary goal, which is clarifying the many distortions and assertions that have sprung up around one of India’s most controversial historical figures while remaining true to a pragmatically realist historical ethic of exposition.

　　General Secretary and President Xi Jinping's remarks made at the Second National Work Conference on Religion are being widely reported by state media led by China Central TV..President Xi has now made it clear that these policies will be reinforced with renewed vigour, as China is looking at Pakistan-sponsored Islamic radicalism as the number one threat to its society.This was followed by a report in the Xinhua on May 9 urging all Chinese Communist Party Cadres at all levels to engage in propaganda, political unity and to guide the masses away from religions, especially those which disrupt the Chinese state.President Jinping's waing is directed at the Uyghurs who have become very aggressive in their protests against the state. Hong Kong: China's top leadership, led by Party General Secretary and President Xi Jinping, has waed the Chinese people, especially those living in the Xinjiang province to shun the practise China Finger Rosary Suppliers of Islam and to stick to China's state policy of "Marxist Atheism". These practises are perceived as "anti-state" and are the subject of crackdown by the authorities.President Xi Jinping is making efforts to tighten control over religious practises, as it is his belief that religion, especially Islam, could emerge as a competing force in society unless it is nipped in the bud now.

　　They made it clear that Halal products will remain banned in China as these "promote religious segregation.In Xinjiang, there is already considerable resentment over the control being exercised over the practise of Islam, such as the growing of beards, observation of fasts during Ramazan, the wearing of the Hijab, dietary restrictions like consumption of Halal food, prayers five times a day and so forth. China has also been subtly waing Pakistan to stop the flow of Islamic messaging to Xinjiang but to no avail.China has already declared 2016 as the "Year of Ethnic Unity and Progress", a move aimed squarely at ridding the nation of Islamic influences. Large parts of thepopulation living in Xinjiang province have become radicalised and the Chinese Govement is only now realising the gravity of the situation."While coming out strongly against Islam and Islamic traditions, the Second National Work Conference on Religion also promoted a number of articles that expressed support for the new policies.Xinjiang borders Pakistan from where the hardline Islamic teachings flow."Among the other waings issued by him, was one to resolutely resist overseas infiltration through religious means and to guard against ideological infringement by Islamic extremists.

　　Other senior Communist Party Officials who spoke on this occasion highlighted the dangers that Islam is assuming in some parts of China, making the nation vulnerable to extremist infiltration. President's Xi's speech at the religious Conference was also a veiled message to Pakistan, say observers.One such article in the official newspaper of the CCP's Central Commission for Discipline Inspection.President Jinping's waing is directed at the Uyghurs, who in recent times, have become very aggressive in their protests against the state.China's Communist Party has declared that the growing influence of radical Islam is a national security issue and the declarations of the Work Conference on Religion have made it clear that Beijing will target all those who assist in the propagation of Islam.Communist Party Officials strongly backed President Xi's statements and cautioned citizens to be vigilant against Islamic tendencies like Halal products. It criticised Officials for having forgotten party discipline and engaging in the practise of physiognomy and fortune telling, buing incense and praying.Making China's State policy of intolerance towards Pan-islamic tendencies very clear, President Xi waed Chinese citizens "not to confuse themselves with non-CCP approved tendencies" and to "never find their values and beliefs in this religion or any religion.

　　The survey also addressed the role of religion in a mode-day democracy founded as a Jewish state, exposing wide gaps between Orthodox and non-religious Jewish respondents.President Reuven Rivlin called the findings a "wake-up call for Israeli society".In addition, about 8 in 10 Arabs complained of heavy discrimination in Israeli society against Muslims, the largest religious minority, while 79 per cent of Jews questioned said Jewish citizens deserved preferential treatment.4 million.The poll released on Tuesday by the Wash-ington-based Pew Research Center, a non-partisan thi-nk-tank, also found that many Israelis — Jews and Arabs — appeared to have lost hope for a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict..Forty-eight China Finger Rosary For sale per cent of Israeli Jews said they agreed with the statement that Arabs should be expelled or transferred from Israel, where they make up 19 per cent of the population of 8. An identical percentage of ultra-Orthodox Jews take the opposite view.While 54 to 71 per cent of Jews who defined themselves as ultra-Orthodox, religious or "traditional" supported such a step, only about 36 per cent of the secular community did.

Nearly half of Israeli Jews believe Arabs should be expelled or transferred from Israel, according to a survey on the political views of Jewish religious and secular communities.According to the poll, 89 per cent of Israel’s secular Jews want democratic principles to outweigh Jewish ritual law when the two clash."For example, Muslim women around the globe have an average of 4.In its report, running into 160 pages, Pew said Jews are more highly educated than any other major religious group around the world, while Muslims and Hindus tend to have the fewest years of formal schooling.4 more years of schooling than those in the oldest generation," Pew said."Hindus have made substantial educational gains in recent decades."However, in countries outside the Asia-Pacific region, where Hindus are a small religious minority, they are much more highly educated – and often are the most highly educated religious group in a particular country," the report noted.9 and 4.9 years of schooling, compared with 6.At the same time, despite large gains by Hindu women across generations, Hindus still have the largest educational gender gap of any religious group, said the report titled ‘Religion and Education Around the World Large’ released by Pew Research Center.6 years, respectively," Pew said.

"On average, Hindu men have 2.2 years of schooling on average, compared with 6.4 years among Muslim men.9 years among Hindu men," the report said.9 years of schooling, Pew said.7 years of schooling, on average – a full year more than the next most highly educated US religious group (Jews), and nearly three years more than the average American adult (12."In these three countries, Hindus tend to have low levels of education; in India, Hindus average 5.3%) and Bangladesh (1.The vast majority of the world’s Hindus live in India (94%) or in the bordering countries of Nepal (2.9 years).Globally, the average is 5. Hindu adults (ages 25 and older) in the youngest generation analysed in the study, for example, have an average of 3.However, Hindus still have the lowest level of educational attainment of any major religious group in this study, which is topped by Jews.　　Washington: Hindus continue to have the lowest level of educational attainment among all the major religions of the world despite having made strides in the sector, a Pew study said on Wednesday.